"Clause"

Hay semuanya,, ini aku akan membagikan pengetahuanku tentang CLAUSE, semoga bermanfaat ya buat kalian dan semoga dapat dimengerti.hihihi

                                       

Clause is  a group of words containing a subject and a verb.(Sebuah kalimat yang terdiri dari subject dan verb yang membentuk kalimat bermakna)

Independent Clause is a complete sentence.It contains the main subject and verb of a sentence.It’s called main clause (MC).

          Dependent Clause is not a complete sentence.It must be connected to an independent  clause.It’s called sub clause (SC)

The kinds of clauses 

No	Kinds of clauses	Explanation
1	Adjective Clause (Relative Pronouns ) I forget the day when you came.	When you came adalah adjective clause dengan ciri-ciri ada kata benda yang dijelaskan yaitu the    day
2	Noun Clause I knew when you came	When you you came adalah noun clause yang berkedudukan sebagai obyek dari kata kerja knew.Noun Clause bisa berfungsi sebagai subject atau object.
3	Adverbial Clause I was watching television when you came.	When you came adalah adverbial clause yang berfungsi sebagai adverb of time maka dinamakan dengan adverbial clause

💦 1.                Adjective Clause is dependent clause that modifies a noun.It 

          describes,indentifies or gives further information about noun.(An adjective clause is also called “a relative clause”)

[klausa yang menjelaskan atau mengidentifikasi kata benda utama (main noun) yang ada dikalimat induk (main clause).

Kata sambung (the conjuctions) yang digunakan dalam Adjective Clause yaitu :Who , which , that , whom , whose , where , when dan why.

a.                 Relative Pronoun untuk pengganti subyek (using subyek pronoun) pronoun yang digunakan adalah who/that.

Eg :

💢 Main Clause : The taxi driver is being questioned in the police office.

💢 Sub Clause : He was robbed on the way to the airport is being questioned in the police office.

        

= The taxi driver who was robbed on the way to the aitport is being questioned in the police office.

💚 Note : The taxi driver sebagai kata benda utama [main noun].Dan He adalah kata ganti subyek.untuk menggabungkan The taxi driver dan He , dapat diganti dengan Relative Pronoun “Who/That”.

💚 Note :  Jika subyek adalah hewan atau benda maka relative pronoun nya adalah which/that.

 

b.                 Relative Pronoun untuk pengganti Obyek (using object pronoun) untuk mengganti kata ganti obyek adalah whom , who , that dan penghilangan relative pronoun untuk person(orang) dan which , that dan penghilang pronoun untuk selain orang (non person)

c.                  Eg :

Main Clause : The passangers are being evacuated slowly.

Sub Clause : The burning plane are trapping them.

= The Passengers whom the burning plane are trapping are being evacuated slowly.

= The Passengers who the burning plane are trapping are being evacuated slowly.

= The Passengers that the burning plane are trapping are being evacuated slowly.

= The Passengers the burning plane are trapping are being evacuated slowly.

💚Note :

Kata ganti obyek (object pronoun) di dahului dengan kata depan (preposition),maka kata depan (preposition) boleh ditempatkan sebelum WHOM.

d.                 Relative pronoun untuk pengganti pemilikan (using whose) untuk menggantikan possesive adjective (kata ganti milik) dari kata benda utama (main noun) kata relative pronoun whose harus diikuti kata benda.

Eg :

Main Clause : When did you watch the romance movie ?

Sub Clause : Its story is about the love between the human and the vampire ?

=  When did you watch the romance movie whose story is about the love between the human and the vampire ?

💚 Note :

Khusus kata benda utama (main noun) yang berasal dari kata benda bukan orang (non-person), maka untuk menyatakan makna kepemilikan (possesive meaning) bisa menggunakan possessive adjective (kata ganti milik) atau “the noun of the noun”.

e.                  Relative pronoun dengan menggunakan Exspression of Number (some of,one of,both of,all of...etc ).Relative pronoun bisa digunakan bersama Expression of Number (some of , none of , two of , one of ,....etc)

Eg :

Sub Clause : The students are studying in the classroom.

Main Clause : Some of them ask question to the teacher.

 = The students , some of whom ask questions to the teacher , are studying in the classroom.

💚 Note :

Ketika relative pronoun digunakan bersama dengan expressions of Number , Main Clause dan Sub clause harus dipisah dengan tanda baca koma (,) kusunya dalam bahasa tulisan (written english).

f.                   Relative pronoun untuk pengganti keterangan (using where,when,and why)

💙 Penggunaan where

Where digunakan untuk menggabungkan kata benda utama (main noun) dengan kata keterangan tempat(Adverb of place)

Sub Clause : Will the building be renovated soon ?

Main Clause : The first Asia Africa Conference was carried out there (in that building)

= Will the building where the first Asia Africa Conference was carried out the be renovated soon?

💙 Penggunaan When

When digunakan untuk mengabungkan kata benda utama (main noun) dengan keterangan waktu (Adverb of  time )

Eg :

Main Clause : Helena can’t forget the day.

Sub Clause   : He went away then (on that day).

= Helena can’t forget the day when he went away.

= Helena can’t forget the day on which he went away

= Helena can’t forget the day that he went away

💙 Penggunaan Why 

Why digunakan untuk mengabungkan kata benda utama (main noun) dengan kata keterangan alasan (Adverb of reason).Why hanya digunakan dengan main noun the reason.

Eg :

She told me the reason why she was absent in the afternoon class yesterday.

The reason why people are busy earning living is very common.

2.               Noun Clause 

Noun Clause adalah clause(anak kalimat) yang difungsikan sebagai noun.Dan clause ini dapat menempati posisinya noun dalam sebuah kalimat , yakni sebagai subject,object of transitive verb dan object of preposition.

Conjuction : What ,Who ,Whom , Where , When , Why , Which , Whose , Wheter , How , If , That.

No	Examples		Explanation
1	I knew you bought last night(Benar). I knew what did you buy last night(Salah)		What you bought last night adalah noun clause yang digunaklan sebagai obyek , berpola sebagai kalimat berita.
2	What she says makes me angry.(Benar) What does she say makes me angry.(Salah)		What she says adalah noun clause yang digunakan sebagai subyek.
3	She is sick makes sad .(salah) That she is sick makes me sad (benar)		Dalam posisi subyek harus diawali dengan kata sambung.
4	I don’t know what I should do. I don’t know what to do. Tell me how I can do it. Tell me how to do it. Ask him where he could find it. Ask him where to find it		Question words and wheter may be followed by an infinitive.The meaning expressed by the infinitive is either should or can/could.
5	The teacher demands that we be on time.		In these sentecs , the subjunctive verb is used only in its simple form.It doesn’t have present,past,or fucture form it’s neither singular or plural. Notes :ask , advise , propose ,it is necessary/essential/vital , imperative.
6		I insisted that he pay me the money.
7		I recommended that she not go to the concert.
8		It is important that they be told the truth.
9		I suggested that she see a doctor.
10		I suggested that she should see a doctor.

💦 Adverbial Clause

Adverbial Clause adalah clause yang berfungsi sebagai keterangan dalam kalimat.

 

1	Menunjukkan Waktu    ( Time) When , after , while , as , so , long as , by the time , since , until , till , as , once ,as long as , whenever , every time , the first time , the last time , the next time.		When I arrived ,he was watchin televison .
2	Menunjukkan tempat (place) When , nowwhere , anywhere ,wherever.		The guard stood  where he possitted
3	Menunjukkan cara (manner) As,how,like		He did as I told him.
4		Menunjukkan pertentangan (contrast/concession/opposition) Altough ,even though , though ,but , anyway ,but ,still ,yet,even if , in spite , of despite ,nevertheless , nonetheless,however.
5		Menunjukkan sebab dan akibat(cause and effect) Because , since , now that ,as , so ,long as, so (that)	Because he was sleepy , he went to bed. He went to bed because he was sleepy.

💦1.     Adverb Clauses of Time

Clause of Time introduced by conjunctions such as after , as soon as , before , till , until , when , whenever, while or time expressions such as the minute , the moment etc.(memperkenalkan kata penghubung seperti after , as soon as , before , till , until , when , whenever, while or time.)

💙 Time :

Time
Past time	Past
Fucture time	Present
Present time	Present

Khusus Fucture time = setelah conjuction  harus present.

The Concept :

Bersamaan

Eg :

 While randa eats , he watches Tv

= Long Term (permanent)

(........ Simple tense + ....... Simple tense )

= Short term ( Temporal)

(.......... Continuous tense + ........ Continuous tense )

 Berpotongan

Eg :

When galih eats , senda comes.

= Without duration

(............. Continuous tense + ...........Simple )

= Without duration

(.........Perfect Continuous tense + ............ Simplle)

Berurutan

Eg :

After she has eaten , agus will come.

= Direct

(.......simple tense + .....simple tense )

= Indirect

(..........+ Perfect Continuous tense + ............ Simple)

= With duration  (............ Perfect Continuous + .............Simple )

"Belajar adalah investasi berharga untuk masa depan dan tidak seperti harta yang suatu saat bisa habis."