Hay sahabatku ... aku akan membagikan pengetahuanku mengenai TENSES.Waktu itu aku disuruh membuat e-book dan isinya ada Tenses jadi aku bagikan kepada kalian.Semoga bermanfaat yaa buat kalian untuk mempermudah belajarnya.
Tenses
Tenses is verb to indicate the time (Now,fucture,or past)the
emergence of a deed or events.
💗According
the time tenses is divided into 4:
1.
Present (masa
sekarang)
2.
Past (masa
lampau)
3.
Fucture (masa
yang akan datang)
4.
Past fucture
(akan dimasa lampau)
💗According
to the characteristic tenses is divided into 4 :
1.
Simple
(sederhana)
2.
Continuous
(sedang berlangsung)
3.
Perfect (telah)
4.
Perf.Cont
(telah sedang berlangsung)
1.
Present Tenses
Present tenses explain about habitual action,reapeatual
action,general truth(kebenaran umum)
The
formula (Verbal)
Verbal
sentence is sentence was predicated a verb
(kalimat
verbal adalah kalimat yang predikatnya kata kerja)
The
Formula (Verbal)
(+) S + Verb 1 + (s/es)+O
(-)
S + do/does + not + Verb 1 + O
(?)
Do/Does + S + Verb 1 + O
(-?)
Don’t/Doesn’t + S + Verb 1 + O
Note
:
Ketiga
tunggal seperti : He , She , It , Jessy , A cat dan sebagainya
💟 Akhiran s/es tidak berlaku untuk subyek (pelaku) pertama atau kedua
atau ketiga jamak seperti : I , You , They , We ,People , Children , Marry and
jessy dan sebagainya.
The
Formula ( Nominal )
Nominal sentence is a predicated adjective and phrase is called a
complement.This sentence there are Adjective,Noun,or Adverb
( Kalimat yang
berpredikat kata sifat , kata benda , kata keterangan dan disebut juga kalimat
pelengkap
(+)
S + is/am/are + Complement
(-) S + is/am/are not + Complement
(?)
Is/am/are + S + Complement
(-?)
Is/am/are + not + S + Complement
Note
:
Am : I
Is : He , She , A car , A
child , It , Farhan.(nama orang)
Are : You , They ,People , Houses
Ø
Penggunaan
Akhiran s/es dalam kata kerja (Verb)
Kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan ss , ch , x dan o ditambah dengan
akhiran es (teach-teaches , brush-brushes , guess-guesses , go-goes) , dan kata
yang tidak diakhiri dengan akhiran tersebut hanya ditambahkan akhiran S.
Khusus
kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan huruf Y terdiri dari dua cara :
1.
Jika didepan
huruf Y berupa huruf mati (consonant) , maka huruf Y diganti dengan huruf I dan
ditambahi akhiran es (study-studies , try-tries ,fry-fries)
2.
Jika didepan
huruf Y berupa huruf hidup (vowel) cukup di tambahkan akhiran S setelah huruf Y
(pay-pays , enjoy-enjoys , lay-lays)
💟Time
Signal :
Everyday :
Setiap Hari
Every week :
Setiap Minggu
On Sundays :
Setiap Hari Minggu
Twice a week : Dua
Kali Seminggu
Never :
Tidak Pernah
Scarcely :
Jarang
Hardly :
Hampir Tidak
Seldom : Jarang
Often :
Sering
Ever :
Pernah
Usually :
Biasanya
Always :
Selalu
At Night : Di
Malam Hari
2.
Present
Progressive Tense
To inform that stating the activities and reapeting activity.
(
Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung pada saat
berlangsungnya pembicaraan , menyatakan perubahan situasi )
The Formula ( Verbal )
(+)
S + Is/Am/Are + Ving + O
(-)
S + Is/Am/Are + Not + Ving + O
(?)
Is/Am/Are + S + Ving + O
(+) The student are studying
English Lesson
(-) Dita isn’t watching a concert with her darling
(?) Is the bus driver driving a bus carelessly ? Yes , he is / No ,
he isn’t.
The Formula ( Nominal )
(+)
S + Is/Am/Are + C
(-)
S + Is/Am/Are + Not + C
(?)
Is/Am/Are + S + C
Eg :
(+) She is angry
(-) She isn’t angry
(?) Is she angry
💗Time
Signal :
Now :
Sekarang
Tonight :
Nanti Malam
Today :
Hari Ini
At Present :
Pada Saat Ini
At This Moment : Pada
Saat Ini
This Evening :
Sore Ini
This
Afternoon : Siang Ini
3.
The Present
Perfect Tense
This sentence for use inform accident which have happend at the
past time until now ( and the result can show at now )
(
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang telah terjadi pada periode waktu
dimasa lampau sampai saat sekarang.[masih bisa dilihat hasilnya pada masa
sekarang])
The Formula ( Verbal )
(+)
S + Has/Have + Verb 3 + O
(-)
S + Has/Have Not + Verb 3 + O
(?)
Has/Have + S + Verb 3 + O
Eg :
(+) Najwa has taken a bath
(-) Najwa hasn’t taken a bath
(?) Has Najwa taken a bath ?
Note
:
Has : He , She , It , Tom , A tiger ...ect
Have : I , They , We , People ... ect
The Formula (Nominal)
(+)
S+Has/Have+been+C
(-)
S+Has/Have not + been + C
(?)
Has/Have + S + been+ C
Eg :
(+) Dino has been at home
(-) Dino hasn’t been at home yet
(?) Have you been Bali Island ?
The
Present Perfect always use FOR and SINCE
SINCE
: Sejak = that is show first accident
(menunjukkan awal mulainya suatu kejadian atau tindakan )
Eg :
I have lived in this small town since january
FOR
: Selama = that is show long time until now (menunjukkan lamanya jangka waktu
hingga kini )
Eg :
She has been in her office for two hours
Time
Signal
For
: Selama
Already
: Sudah
Lately
: Akhir-akhir ini
Since
: Sejak
Recently
: Baru-baru Ini
Until Now :
Sampai sekarang
Never
: Tidak Pernah
Ever
: Pernah
Just
: Baru Saja
Not...Yet
: Belum
Up To No :
Sampai saat ini
4.
The Present
Perfect Continous Tense
This sentence use for inform accident which is happen at the past
time and the efect still unfolding until now.
(
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian atau tindakan yang dilakukan pada waktu
lampau dan effectnya masih terasa sampai sekarang).
The Formula ( Verbal )
(+)
S + Has/Have + Been + Ving + O
(-)
S + Has/Have + Not + Been + Ving + O
(?)
Has/Have + S + Been +Ving + O ?
Eg :
(+) Najwa has been studying betty book.
(-) The mechanic has not been repairing the brake of the car.
(?) Have children been swimming all morning ?
Note
:
Has : She , He , It , A tiger..ect
Have : I ,You , They , We , People...ect
The Formula (Nominal)
(+)
S + Has/Have + Been + C
(-)
S + Has/Have Not + Been + C
(?)
Has/Have + S + Been + C ?
Eg :
(+)
Ferdy has been in the pool
(-)
My Uncle has not been in USA yet.
(?)
Have you been a singer in this Club ?
💗Time
Signal :
For :
Selama
Never :
Tidak Pernah
All Morning : Sepanjang
pagi
Since :
Sejak
The whole night :
Sepanjang Malam
All afternoon :
Sepanjang Sore Hari
Until now :
Sampai Sekarang
Up to now :
Sampai Sekarang
Up to present :
Sampai Sekarang
5.
The Simple Past
Tense
This
tenses to inform event which is happen at past time and to express habitual action at past time.
(
Digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang tyerjadi dimasa lampau dan menyatakan
kebiasaan yang dilakukan dimasa lampau )
The Formula ( Verbal )
(+) S + Verb 2 + O
(-)
S + Did + Not + Verb 1 + O
(?)
Did + S + Verb 1 + O
Catatan
: Kata bantu DID dipakai untuk semua subyek.
Eg :
(+) We went to the teather
yesterday.
(-) She did not [didn’t] drink coffee last night
(?) Did they visit dita’s party last week ?
The
Formula (Nominal)
(+) S + Was/Were + C
(-)
S + Was/Were + Not + C
(?)
Was/Were + S + O ?
Eg :
(+) Mother was beautiful last night.
(-) Naya was not satisfied.
(?) Was rudi absent yesterday ?
Note
:
Were : digunakan subjek jamak
Was : digunakan subjek tunggal
💗Time
Signal :
Yesterday :
Kemarin
This Morning :
Pagi tadi
Last Year :
Tahun Lalu
Two Days Ago : Dua
tahun lalu
Last Night :
Semalam
Last Week :
Minggu lalu
Last .......
: ........ Lalu
......... Ago
: ........ Lalu
6.
The Past
Continuous (Proressive) Tense
Both action occurred at the same time , but one ation began earlier
and was in progress when the other action occurred.(kejadian dimasa lampau yang
sedang berlangsung atau yang terjadi pada saat tindakan yang lain terjdi)
The Formula (Verbal)
(+)
S + Was/Were + Ving + O
(-)
S + Was/Were + Not + Ving + O
(?)
Was/Were + S +Ving + O ?
Eg :
(+) People were rowing in their boat when the storm happened.
(-) Tata was not washing her bike this time yesterday.
(?) Was the driver taking a businessman to a strange palce at 7 am
yesterday ?
The Formula (Nominal)
(+)
S + Was/Were + C
(-)
S + Was/Were + Not + C
(?)
Was/Were + S + C
Eg :
(+) Arin was careful to eat.
(-) Antony was not a doctor now.
(?) Was he sad ?
💗Time
Signal :
This time lastnight
: Ini saat tadi malam
When I arrived....
: ketika saya sampai....
As ...... : ketika
While ....... : ketika
Catatan
: Past Continuous juga bisa digunakan untuk menceritakan prolog atau frase
perkenalan sebuah cerita.
7.
The Past
Perfect Tense
Past perfect tense expresses an activity that was completed before
another activity or time in the past.(digunakan menanyatakan suatu kejadian
tindakan yang telah lengkap dilakukan / terjadi ketika peristiwa yan lain
terjadi )
The
Formula (Verbal)
(+) S + Had + Verb 3 + O
(-)
S + Had + Not + Verb 3 + O
(?)
Had + S + Verb 3 + O ?
Eg :
(+) Nina had eaten her meal when I came.
(-) the mechanic had not checked the tire of the car before father
asked.
(?) Had children entered the house ?
The Formula ( Nominal)
(+)
S + Had + Been + C
(-)
S + Had + Been + Not + C
(?)
Had + S + Been + C
Eg :
(+) Dino had been at home before his mother came.
(-) Lily had not been in her new office when her boss needed her
help.
(?) Had you been to Auatralia when your father got sick ?
💗Time
Signal :
After = setelah
As soon as = segera setelah
Until/till = hingga
Before = sebelum
When = ketika
8.
The Past
Perfect Continuous Tense
The past perfect progressive (continuous) emphasizes the duration
of an activity that was oin progress before another activity or time in the
past.(menyatakan suatu kejadian atau tindakan yang terjadi pada waktu lampau
dan masih berlangsung ketika peristiwa yang lain terjadi)
The
Formula (verbal)
(+) S + Had + Been + Ving + O
(-)
S + Had + Been + Not + Ving + O
(?)
Had + S + Been +Ving + O ?
Eg:
(+) Nesya had been studying grammar book for an hour before i
accompained her.
(-) The vendors had not
been closing their stalls on the street when the razia started.
(?) Had the workers been
working all morning yesterday ?
The
Formula (Nominal)
(+) S + Had + Been + C
(-)
S + Had + Been + Not + C
(?)
Had + S + Been + C
Eg :
(+) Andi had been in his training place before his coach arrived.
(-) Leo had not been tired before he started to do his work.
(?) Had Anna been a bank teller when her father died ?
💗Time
Signal :
For ..... When = Selama
.... Ketika ....
While ..... For.... = Sementara ..... Selama .......
9.
The Fucture
Simple Tense
This
tense use for explaine occurs that will happen at the time will be come.(untuk
menyatakan peristiwa yang akan terjadi pada waktu yang akan datang )
The Formula ( Verbal )
(+)
S + Will/Shall + Verb 1 + O
(-)
S + Will/Shall + Not + Verb 1 + O
(?)
Will/Shall + S + Verb 1 + O ?
Eg :
(+) We will go to the teather at tonight.
(-) He will not ( won’t) eat pizza tomorrow.
(?) Will they attend the scholl reunion next week ?
The
Formula ( Nominal )
(+) S + Will + be + C
(-)
S + Will + Not + be + C
(?)
Will + S + be + C ?
Eg :
(+) Mary will be angry to you.
(-) The client won’t be satisfied.
(?) Will Rudi be absent next
week ?
💗Time
signal :
To night : nanti malam
Next week : minggu depan
Next .... : ......
depan
Soon : segera
This weekend : akhir pekan ini
The day after tomorrow : besok lusa
Some days later : beberapa hari nanti
Sometime : suatu saat
nanti
Note
:
Will
: When the speaker is making a prediction (a statment about
something s/he thinks will be true or will occur in the fucture),either will or
be going to is possible.
Be
going to : When the speakers is expressing a
prior plan ( something the intends to in the fucture because in the fucture
because in the past she/he made a plan
or decision to do it)only be going to is
used
10.
The Fucture
Continuous Tense
The Fucture Progressive (continous) an activity that will be in
progress at a time in the fucture.(menyatakan peristiwa yang akan berlangsung
pada waktu tertentu dimasa tertentu dimasa yang akan datang).
The Formula (Verbal)
(+) S + Will/Shall + be + Ving + O
(-) S + Will/Shall + not +be + Ving + O
(?) Will/Shall + S + be + Ving + O ?
Eg :
(+) I will be helping my mother in the kitchen this time tomorrow.
(-) He will not(won’t) be playing his toys at 8 o’clock tonight.
(?) Will they be rowing in the river at 8 o’clock early in the
morning tomorrow ?
The Formula ( Nominal)
(+) S + Will/Shall + be + C
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + be + C
(?) Will/Shall + S + be + C ?
Eg :
(+) Messy will be a profesional actor
(-) The nurse won’t be
patient.
(?) Will audy be a singer next week ?
💗Time
signal :
By this time tomorrow =
pada saat ini besok
At this time tonight
= pada saat ini nanti malam
At 10 o’clock tomorrow =
pada pukul 10 besok.
All day tomorrow =
sepanjang hari besok
11.
The Fucture
Perfect Tense
The fucture perfect
expresses an activity that will be completed before antother time or event in
the fucture.(menyatakan peristiwa yang akan lengkap terjadi menjelang waktu
tertentu yang akan datang)
The Formula ( Verbal )
(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Verb 3 + O
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + Have + Verb 3 + O
(?) Will/Shall + S + Have + Verb 3 + O ?
Eg :
(+) I will/shall have finished this homework by ten o’clock
tonight.
(-) She will not (won’t) have resigned from her position before the
time she enters her university next year.
(?) Shall we have cooked all the the food before the party start
tomorrow?
The Formula ( Nomimal )
(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + C
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + Have + Been + C
(?) Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + C
Eg :
(+) Mario will have been a director by the end of this month.
(-) The client won’t have been satisfied before he knows that
everything is okey.
(?) Will rudy absent next week ?
Time
Signal :
By this time tonight =
pada saat ini nanti malam
By next week = menjelang minggu depan
By the end of........ =
menjelang akhir .......
By next August...........
= menjelang Agustus
Before this time next week = akhir pekan ini
By the year ..................
= menjelang tahun
12.
The Fucture
Perfect Continuous Tense
The fucture perfect progressive emphasizes the duration of an
activity that will be in progress before another time or event in the
fucture.(menyatakan peristiwa yang akan telah berlangsung menjelang suatu waktu
di masa yang akan datang )
The Formula ( Verbal )
(+) S + Will/Shall + Have been + Verb ing + O
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + Have been + Verb ing + O
(?) Will/Shall + S + Have been + Verb ing + O ?
Eg :
(+) I will/Shall have been typing my letters for a half hour by
midnight.
(-) He Will not (won’t) have been diving for ten minutes by ten
o’clock.
(?) Will the students have been marching on the street for three
house by the dark.
The Formula (Nominal)
(+) S + Will/Shall + Have been + C
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + Have been + C
(?) Will/Shall + S + Have been + C ?
Eg :
(+) Ary will have been here for two hours by four o’clock this
afternoon.
(-) She won’t have been in her school for ten minutes by 7 o’clock
tonight.
(?) Will they have been with you for three hours by middy ?
💗Time
signal :
By this time tonight
= pada saat ini nanti malam
For an hour by midday =
selama satu jam menjelang tengah hari.
By the end of........
= menjelang akhir .......
By next August..........
= menjelang Agustus
Before this time next week = akhir pekan ini
For ........By the year ........ = selama ........ menjelang tahun.
💗💖Motivation for us💖💗
" pengalaman adalah guru besar bagi kita semua, karena pengalaman acuan kita untuk lebih bangkit dari sebelumnya"
Good Luck, Have a nice day 💞
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